t cc s tin nh ban u (v¨ª d: 20k). Tng hp c¨¢c mo chi ¨¢ g¨¤ trc tuyn chi tit Lut chi c bn Cc 2 biu tng: D o¨¢n ng thi 2 linh vt s xut hin. Nu c hai u xut hin, bn s thng cc. Thay v¨¤o ¨®, hy kt hp quan s¨¢t vi c¨¢c ch s thng k¨º c bn nh t l thng trung b¨¬nh ca tng ca. iu n¨¤y gi¨²p duy tr¨¬ s tnh t¨¢o c bit trong c¨¢c phi¨ºn chi k¨¦o d¨¤i ni mt mi c¨® th l¨¤m sai lch ph¨¢n o¨¢n. in thng tin giao dch Phn thng gi¨¢ tr ch ¨®n ngi chi t¨¤i ba V¨ª d, vi 0.25, nu i ca tr¨ºn thng, ngi t ca n¨¤y s n trn. Nu h¨°a, mt na tin; thua th¨¬ mt ht. C 0.5 y¨ºu cu i ca tr¨ºn phi thng th¨¬ mi n tin; h¨°a hoc thua l¨¤ thua to¨¤n b. Vi k¨¨o 0.75, thng c¨¢ch bit 2 im n , thng 1 n na. C¨°n 1.25 & 1.5, i ca tr¨ºn phi thng c¨¢ch bit t 2 im tr l¨ºn mi gi¨²p ngi chi n trn. Cc theo i nhn th ¨C La chn chin thut y hp dn Chn ph¨°ng chi ph¨´ hp Sai lm kh¨¢c l¨¤ b qua thi im t cc. Thng th¨¬ t l v¨¢n cc bin ng li¨ºn tc, v¨¤ mt mo soi k¨¨o t¨¤i xu hiu qu l¨¤ ch n khi k¨¨o n nh hoc c¨® t¨ªn hiu r r¨¤ng mi v¨¤o tin. K¨¨o t¨¤i xu ¨¢ bi¨ºn

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